en A Case of Complete Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for Thymoma With Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) Basic Science Basic Science Case Report Case Report <sec> <div>Introduction</div> <p>Although thymoma is the most common anterior mediastinal tumor, only 5% of thymoma cases develop pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).</p> </sec> <sec> <div>Case Presentation</div> <p>In this article we have reported a 59-year-old man with a large anterior mediastinal mass (diameter of 10 cm) and severe anemia, that thymoma and pure red cell aplasia have been demonstrated by histopathologic and hematological examination. Despite the large mass, a complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy and combinational medical therapy were performed for him successfully. Aplasia remission occurred 6 months after thymectomy and his hemoglobin level reached to 13 g/dL.</p> </sec> <sec> <div>Conclusions</div> <p>We believe that a complete resection in combination with medical therapy is necessary to achieve total remission of PRCA symptoms and conclude that VATS thymectomy is an effective and technically feasible procedure for surgery without any contraindications about the size of the thymoma in these patients.</p> </sec> Pure Red Cell Aplasia,Thymectomy,Thoracoscopy 100 110 http://annbsurg.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-31-152&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Gholamreza Mohajeri 1003194753284600292 1003194753284600292 No Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran Masoud Sayadi Shahraki 1003194753284600293 1003194753284600293 Yes Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran Mohsen Mahmoudieh 1003194753284600294 1003194753284600294 No Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran Behrouz Keleidary 1003194753284600295 1003194753284600295 No Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran Noushin Afshar Moghaddam 1003194753284600296 1003194753284600296 No Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran Ebrahim Nourian 1003194753284600297 1003194753284600297 No Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran